Have you ever wondered how lively the singing of Gloria is in South Africa? Fr. Malvin Ngi, one of our Mill Hill Missionaries there, shares their vibrant singing of the Gloria. Gloria in Excelsis Deo
Gloria in Excelsis Deo: A Brief History
The “Gloria in Excelsis Deo” is a significant hymn in the Mass, also known as the “Great Doxology” or “Hymnus Angelicus.” It originates from a very old Greek form and begins with the words sung by the angels at Christ’s birth, as recorded in the Bible (Luke 2:14). Over time, additional verses were added, forming a complete doxology.
The hymn dates back to at least the third century, with some scholars suggesting it may even be from the first century. Early versions of the hymn can be found in ancient texts, such as the “Apostolic Constitutions” and other early Christian writings.
In its early history, the “Gloria” was part of morning prayers and used in various liturgical settings across different Christian traditions. The Byzantine Church, for example, has a longer version of the hymn that includes additional verses and ends with the Trisagion, a hymn of praise.
Tradition holds that St. Hilary of Poitiers translated the hymn into Latin in the fourth century. It was initially used in Christmas Masses and later extended to Sundays and major feast days, but only bishops were permitted to recite it. Over time, this restriction was lifted, and by the 11th century, priests also recited the hymn during Mass.
The structure of the “Gloria” in the Latin Mass is slightly different from the original Greek. It includes phrases like “Tu solus altissimus” and “Cum sancto Spiritu,” and it is typically recited or sung after the “Kyrie” during Mass. The celebrant, ministers, and choir have specific roles and gestures during its recitation or singing, reflecting its importance in the liturgy.
Historically, the hymn has undergone various adaptations, including medieval expansions for special occasions, known as “farced Glorias.” However, these were eventually eliminated to preserve the hymn’s original form.
In summary, the “Gloria in Excelsis Deo” is a beautiful and enduring hymn of praise that has been a vital part of Christian worship for centuries. Its rich history and profound lyrics continue to inspire and uplift the faithful during Mass.
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